Choosing the right fractional real estate platform depends on your investment goals, capital availability, and risk tolerance. mogul, Arrived, and 1031 Crowdfunding each serve distinct investor profiles with fundamentally different approaches to property ownership. mogul provides property-specific economic and governance exposure through membership interests in LLCs tied to identifiable single-family rentals, supported by blockchain-backed ownership records and institutional-grade underwriting. Arrived offers broad access across individual residential properties, residential funds, real estate-backed credit, the Seattle City Fund, and a separate 1031 Exchange Program, while 1031 Crowdfunding remains centered on 1031 exchanges and DSTs while also offering other private real estate vehicles such as REIT and bridge-financing strategies. Understanding these distinctions helps investors select the platform that aligns with their wealth-building objectives.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, tax, or legal advice. Always consult with a licensed professional before making any financial or investment decisions.
Key Takeaways
mogul's team of former Goldman Sachs real estate investment professionals applies institutional-grade underwriting, with less than 1% of reviewed properties passing its selection process and a 15-20% target IRR
mogul generally provides monthly rental income distributions once a property is operational and has distributable net rental income, while Arrived individual properties also pay monthly dividends once they begin generating income and 1031 Crowdfunding DST distribution terms are offering-specific
mogul covers up to $10,000 in losses on qualifying investments made within a new member's first 7 days if the combined total return on those qualifying investments is negative at the end of the first year, subject to the promotion terms
mogul's blockchain integration on the Avalanche network provides independently verifiable ownership records, while property performance and valuation information are presented through mogul's platform dashboard
mogul does not charge a traditional recurring annual AUM-based asset-management fee; mogul's fee structure includes an ongoing fee equal to approximately 2.5% of rental income, alongside a capitalized upfront platform/setup charge and property-level operating expenses
Many 1031 Crowdfunding private DST offerings require accredited investor status, while mogul does not generally require accredited-investor status and Arrived allows non-accredited investors to participate in its listed retail offerings; SEC data estimates that 18.5% of U.S. households met the financial accredited-investor criteria in the latest Survey of Consumer Finances data, implying about 81.5% did not meet those financial thresholds
Understanding Fractional Real Estate Investing Platforms
Fractional real estate investing enables investors to own stakes in income-producing properties without purchasing entire buildings. Each platform in this comparison takes a different approach to delivering that ownership.
mogul specializes in single-family residential rentals including short-term rentals (Airbnb-style), mid-term rentals, and long-term rentals. mogul creates an LLC buying entity for each property and fractionalizes ownership in the property LLC; investors purchase membership interests in a property-specific investment-club LLC tied to the identified home. Investors receive property-specific economic and governance exposure rather than individually deeded fractional title.
Arrived offers fractional access to individual single-family residential and vacation rental properties through a Series LLC structure with REIT treatment where applicable, and its broader 2026 lineup also includes the Single Family Residential Fund, Real Estate Income Fund, Seattle City Fund, and a 1031 Exchange Program.
1031 Crowdfunding operates a marketplace with Delaware Statutory Trusts (DSTs) that may qualify as replacement property for Section 1031 exchanges when properly structured. Its current platform also includes bridge-financing funds and an affiliated Covenant Housing REIT, so DSTs and 1031 exchanges are a core business line rather than its exclusive business model. Its DST marketplace generally serves accredited investors.
The fundamental distinction: mogul offers property-specific exposure to identified residential rentals through LLC membership interests and institutional underwriting, Arrived provides broad residential and fund access with a separate 1031 service, and 1031 Crowdfunding remains specialized in private DST and tax-deferral-focused real estate strategies while also offering other private vehicles.
Hands-Off Rental Property Investment: How Each Platform Delivers
For investors seeking rental property investment without landlord headaches, all three platforms handle property management differently.
mogul's approach:
Professional property management, tenant coordination, and operational responsibilities coordinated through mogul and its property-management partners
Short-term rentals, mid-term rentals, and long-term rentals available
Monthly distributions of distributable net rental income based on actual property performance once a property is operational and cash-flowing
Intended 3-10 year hold periods, with applicable offering documents and market conditions governing timing and governance rights generally weighted by ownership interest
Distributable net rental income is calculated after property-level operating expenses and management costs
Arrived's approach:
Professional property management through Arrived and property-management partners, with portions of vacation-rental management brought in-house
Individual long-term rentals and vacation rentals offered alongside residential equity funds, real estate-backed credit, the Seattle City Fund, and a separate 1031 Exchange Program
Monthly dividends on individual income-producing properties, with monthly distributions also used by the Single Family Residential Fund and Real Estate Income Fund
Property management expenses of approximately 8% of gross rental income for single-family residential properties and 15-20% for vacation rentals, depending on market and management partner
5-7 year typical hold periods for long-term rentals, with vacation properties potentially extending to 5-15 years
1031 Crowdfunding's approach:
DST sponsors control property operations and management decisions
Commercial real estate exposure can include multifamily, medical office, and industrial properties as well as senior housing and other asset classes
DST distribution terms are offering-specific
DST holding periods are offering-specific and often approximately 5-10 years, with actual disposition timing controlled by the sponsor
Professional management is embedded in the DST structure, with sponsors controlling property operations
mogul's model delivers a streamlined experience for building a property portfolio: investors select specific properties and can receive monthly distributions once properties are operational and have distributable net rental income, supported by a fee structure without a traditional recurring annual AUM-based management fee and with rent-based fees and property-level operating expenses reflected in the asset-level economics.
Evaluating Return, Protection, and Fee Structures
Performance expectations and cost structures vary significantly across these platforms.
mogul's performance and fees:
mogul reports an 18.8% average annual return (IRR) versus 9% for the S\&P 500, with a 15-20% target IRR
No traditional recurring annual AUM-based asset-management fee; mogul's fee structure includes an ongoing fee of approximately 2.5% of rental income, plus a capitalized upfront platform/setup charge and property-level expenses
Monthly distributions once a property is operational and has distributable net rental income
$10,000 loss protection for qualifying investments made within a new member's first 7 days
Less than 1% of reviewed properties pass mogul's diligence process
Arrived's performance and fees:
Arrived describes an estimated historical return range of 6% to 10% annually for diversified single-family residential strategies, while individual property and product results vary
Q2 2026 average annualized dividend yields were approximately 3.5% for individual single-family residential properties and 2.9% for vacation rentals
Fees vary by product and fee base; Arrived states that its AUM fee ranges from 0.1% to 0.30% per quarter by product, including 0.15% of asset purchase price per quarter for individual single-family residential properties, while one-time sourcing fees and other property or fund expenses are disclosed in the applicable offering materials
Secondary market fees can be up to 2.5% for the buyer and 2.5% for the seller
1031 Crowdfunding's performance and fees:
Returns vary by DST sponsor, asset type, and offering
DST minimums commonly range from $25,000 to $100,000, while other affiliated vehicles can differ; for example, Covenant Housing REIT's January 2026 Form D/A lists a $5,000 minimum
Fees are offering-specific, with economics defined at the individual Private Placement Memorandum level
Return information is offering-specific, so the platform is best understood through individual DST, sponsor, asset-level, and structure-specific results rather than a single platform-wide return figure
Over a multi-year hold, mogul's structure does not include a traditional recurring annual AUM-based management fee and may reduce fee drag relative to models that charge on asset value. A credible cross-platform dollar comparison depends on the specific investment, rental income, holding period, fee bases, property-level expenses, transaction costs, and applicable offering documents, while mogul's rent-based fee model remains a meaningful structural distinction.
mogul's $10,000 loss protection provides an additional platform-funded protection feature: if the combined total return on qualifying investments made within your first 7 days is negative at the end of the first year, mogul covers up to $10,000 from its own balance sheet, subject to the promotion terms.
Understanding 1031 Exchange Opportunities
For investors executing Section 1031 exchanges, 1031 Crowdfunding occupies a distinct market position. A properly structured Delaware Statutory Trust interest may qualify as replacement real property under Section 1031, consistent with the treatment described in Revenue Ruling 2004-86.
Key 1031 Crowdfunding characteristics:
Core focus on 1031 exchange replacement-property DSTs, alongside other private real estate vehicles including an affiliated REIT and bridge-financing funds
Relevant private DST offerings generally require accredited investor status, which under SEC criteria can be met by natural persons through more than $200,000 in individual income or $300,000 in joint income in each of the prior two years with a reasonable expectation of reaching the same level in the current year, more than $1 million in net worth excluding the primary residence, certain professional credentials such as Series 7, 65, or 82, or other applicable eligibility paths
Commercial real estate specialization includes multifamily, medical office, and industrial properties, with senior housing and other real estate strategies also available through the broader platform
Marketplace model providing access to multiple DST sponsor opportunities and other private real estate investments
DST interests are generally designed for multi-year holds, with resale availability dependent on the specific structure and market conditions
Important distinction: A Section 1031 exchange does not inherently require a DST, accredited investor status, or a private securities offering. Directly owned qualifying replacement real estate can also be used. mogul's standard fractional LLC interests focus on property-specific residential investments, while 1031 replacement property uses a separate specialized structure. Arrived, meanwhile, now offers a dedicated 1031 Exchange Program for qualifying replacement-property acquisitions; that service is distinct from ordinary fractional Arrived securities.
Private DST access generally requires accredited investor status. Based on the latest SEC household data, 18.5% of U.S. households met the accredited-investor financial criteria, implying approximately 81.5% did not meet those financial thresholds. mogul serves this broader market with institutional-quality investment property opportunities without a general accredited-investor requirement.
Investment Calculators and Strategic Tools
Informed investment decisions require analytical tools. mogul provides comprehensive free calculators that enable investors to analyze any U.S. address before committing capital.
mogul's analytical resources:
Investment Property Calculator: Calculates estimated ROI, IRR, MOIC, and cash-on-cash yield
Rental Property Calculator: Estimates rental income potential across scenarios
Airbnb Calculator: Analyzes short-term rental potential using millions of listing data points
Real Estate Calculator: Compares levered vs. unlevered returns and financing options
Free professional underwriting available for any property investors want analyzed
These tools use data and analytical resources comparable to those used by top real estate firms, enabling investors to evaluate potential investments with institutional-grade analysis before browsing mogul's available properties.
Arrived primarily provides analytics for its own investments, while 1031 Crowdfunding publishes 1031 exchange tools and calculators. mogul's suite is differentiated by standalone address-level external-property rental underwriting across any U.S. address.
Achieving Monthly Income Through Real Estate
For investors seeking regular cash flow from real estate, distribution frequency matters.
mogul's income model:
Monthly distributions of distributable net rental income once a property is operational and cash-flowing
Property-level tax items, including potential depreciation allocations, may be reported through Schedule K-1; availability and usability depend on the offering and each investor's basis, at-risk status, applicable loss limitation rules, and other tax circumstances
Approximately 8-12% target cash-on-cash returns, depending on the individual property and operating strategy
Proportional proceeds from eventual property sales after the intended hold period
Monthly distributions can create more frequent reinvestment opportunities and potential compounding; any resulting compounding depends on whether and how distributions are reinvested
Arrived's income model:
Monthly dividends on individual properties once they begin generating income
Monthly distributions also available on the Single Family Residential Fund and Real Estate Income Fund
Q2 2026 average annualized dividend yields were approximately 3.5% for individual single-family residential properties and 2.9% for vacation rentals
1031 Crowdfunding's income model:
Distribution terms vary by DST offering
A principal Section 1031 use case is deferring recognition of eligible gains while maintaining real-estate exposure; current income depends on the specific DST or other offering
Returns vary by individual DST structure and offering
mogul's monthly distribution schedule can support regular cash flow planning and more frequent reinvestment decisions. Arrived also distributes monthly on individual income-producing properties, while mogul's broader differentiation includes its target return profile, fee structure, asset selection, and property-specific ownership model. Any compounding depends on actual reinvestment assumptions.
Comparing Credibility, Transparency, and Investor Protections
Trust matters when selecting a real estate platform. Each company brings different credibility markers and transparency mechanisms.
mogul's credibility factors:
Founded by Goldman Sachs Real Estate Investment Group alumni with $10B+ collective real estate investing experience
mogul's $3.6 million seed round was led by Anitha Vadavatha of AY Ventures, with participation from Tim Draper & Associates and other investors; Tim Draper had led mogul's earlier pre-seed round
mogul reports more than $90 million of assets invested through the platform and more than 40,000 investors
90% of mogul investors invest a second time; when they do, the repeat investment is 3x the first investment
mogul reports a typical portfolio allocation of $17,321 per property
Investors include Chris Larsen and Rosa Rios, identified by mogul as Ripple's co-founder/executive chairman and the 43rd U.S. Treasurer, respectively
Blockchain ownership records on Avalanche network provide independent verification
mogul invests in every property alongside investors
Featured in TechCrunch, Forbes, Wired, Fortune, and Business Insider
Arrived's credibility factors:
Relevant Arrived offerings operate under Tier 2 of Regulation A, with periodic public reporting
High-profile backing includes Bezos Expeditions and Marc Benioff
Arrived publishes historical property and product performance information through its platform
Secondary market launched in November 2025, with monthly trading windows; individual property shares generally require a fully funded property and at least a six-month hold
1031 Crowdfunding's credibility factors:
Founded in 2014 with a core focus on 1031 exchanges and DSTs, now within a broader private real estate platform
Marketplace model provides access to multiple DST sponsor opportunities
Applicable private DST offerings require accredited-investor status, while SEC criteria define qualification through specified financial thresholds and certain professional credentials; accreditation is an eligibility standard under securities rules
mogul's blockchain integration provides permanent, verifiable ownership records that exist independently of the platform. mogul's investment lifecycle also incorporates multiple property exit pathways, complementing its asset-level ownership transparency. Its technology infrastructure is also built to support secondary-market share trading as part of mogul's platform roadmap.
Platform Fit by Investor Profile
Different investor profiles align with different platforms.
mogul aligns especially well with investors who:
Seek a high target return profile with institutional-grade underwriting
Want monthly property-level income distributions
Prefer property-specific exposure through LLC interests tied to identifiable homes
Value a fee structure without a traditional recurring annual AUM-based management fee
Appreciate blockchain ownership transparency and multiple property exit pathways
Value mogul's $10,000 loss protection for new members
Arrived aligns with investors who:
Value published historical property and product performance information
Want access to a mix of individual-property and fund structures
Value Regulation A qualification and periodic public disclosure
Want access to a secondary market for eligible individual-property shares through monthly trading windows after a six-month minimum hold
1031 Crowdfunding aligns with investors who:
Want DST access for a qualifying 1031 exchange or access to other private real estate vehicles
Meet accredited investor requirements for the applicable DST or private offering
Seek commercial real estate exposure such as multifamily, medical office, and industrial properties, with senior housing and other real estate strategies also available through the broader platform
Have $25,000+ available for many DST offerings, recognizing that DST minimums commonly range from $25,000 to $100,000 and vary by vehicle
For first-time real estate investors and those building diversified property portfolios, mogul's combination of accessibility, institutional expertise, and favorable fee structure creates a compelling platform profile.
Why mogul Stands Out in Fractional Real Estate
When comparing mogul against Arrived and 1031 Crowdfunding, several factors position mogul as the superior choice for wealth-building through real estate.
Institutional expertise accessible to a broad investor base: mogul was founded by Goldman Sachs Real Estate Investment Group alumni, and its investment professionals report having deployed $10 billion into real estate. mogul makes its institutional-style property underwriting available through property-level investments to a broad investor base.
High target return profile: mogul reports an 18.8% average annual return (IRR) across mogul assets, with a 15-20% target IRR. The target reflects mogul's underwriting criteria.
Fee-efficient structure: mogul does not charge a traditional recurring annual AUM-based management fee. mogul's fee structure instead includes an ongoing fee of approximately 2.5% of rental income, alongside a capitalized upfront platform/setup charge and property-level operating expenses. This structure may reduce asset-value-based fee drag over multi-year holds, while cross-platform costs vary by the specific offerings compared.
New-member protection: mogul covers up to $10,000 in losses on qualifying investments made within a new member's first 7 days if the combined total return on those qualifying investments is negative at the end of the first year, subject to the program terms.
Monthly income distributions: Monthly payments support regular cash flow planning and can create more frequent reinvestment opportunities. Arrived now also pays monthly dividends on income-producing individual properties, so the comparative distinction rests on yield, fees, liquidity, asset selection, and ownership structure in addition to payment frequency.
Blockchain transparency: Avalanche ownership records provide independently verifiable proof of ownership, while property performance and valuation information are presented through mogul's platform dashboard. The infrastructure complements mogul's asset-level ownership model and multiple property exit pathways, and it is built to support secondary-market share trading as part of mogul's platform roadmap.
Aligned interests: mogul personally invests in every property offered, helping financially align the platform's interests with those of investors.
For investors seeking headache-free real estate with monthly income potential, institutional-grade property selection, and property-specific exposure to identified single-family rentals, mogul represents a compelling approach to building generational wealth through real estate.
Ready to explore fractional real estate? Analyze potential investments with mogul's free investment property calculator or schedule a call to learn more about the mogul platform.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, tax, or legal advice. Always consult with a licensed professional before making any financial or investment decisions.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the minimum investment required for mogul, Arrived, and 1031 Crowdfunding?
mogul reports an average investment of approximately $10,000, with flexible minimums starting at $250. Arrived's minimum is $100 across its offerings. 1031 Crowdfunding DST minimums commonly range from $25,000 to $100,000, although other affiliated vehicles can differ, including a $5,000 minimum for Covenant Housing REIT documented in its January 2026 Form D/A. For investors getting started in real estate, mogul provides institutional-quality opportunities accessible to a broad range of investors without a general accredited-investor requirement, while many private DST offerings use accredited-investor eligibility.
How do mogul's investment calculators compare to other platforms' tools?
mogul offers four free calculators: Investment Property, Rental Property, Airbnb, and Real Estate. The Investment Property Calculator works with any U.S. address, while the suite calculates estimated metrics such as ROI, IRR, cash-on-cash yield, and rental income across multiple scenarios. mogul also offers free professional underwriting for submitted properties. Arrived primarily provides analytics around its own offerings, while 1031 Crowdfunding publishes 1031 exchange tools. mogul's suite is differentiated by standalone address-level external-property rental underwriting across any U.S. address.
Can international investors use these platforms?
mogul supports eligible non-U.S. residents investing in U.S. real estate and provides support guidance for international onboarding under applicable compliance requirements. mogul states that residents of U.S.-embargoed countries are excluded. mogul also describes Google and LinkedIn sign-on and online investment execution as part of its digital onboarding experience. Arrived currently limits participation to U.S. citizens or green-card holders who reside within the 50 U.S. states. 1031 Crowdfunding's 1031 exchange offerings are designed around U.S. Section 1031 exchanges, subject to the eligibility terms of each private offering.
What are the typical hold periods for properties on these platforms?
mogul describes intended 3-10 year hold periods, with applicable offering documents and market conditions governing timing; during that period, investors can receive monthly rental income distributions once a property is operational and has distributable cash flow. Arrived's long-term rentals typically target 5-7 year holds, while vacation rentals may extend to 5-15 years. 1031 Crowdfunding describes many DST lifecycles as approximately 5-10 years, with timing determined by the applicable offering structure and sponsor.
How does a 1031 Exchange benefit real estate investors?
A Section 1031 exchange can defer recognition of gain when qualifying business or investment real property is exchanged for like-kind replacement real property under the applicable rules. 1031 Crowdfunding specializes in DST offerings that may serve as replacement property when properly structured, while a DST is one of several possible pathways and accredited-investor status is not an IRS requirement for a 1031 exchange itself. Arrived now offers a dedicated 1031 Exchange Program for qualifying replacement-property acquisitions, which is distinct from its ordinary fractional securities. mogul's standard fractional LLC interests focus on property-specific residential investments, while 1031 replacement property uses a separate specialized structure with separate eligibility rules. For investors not executing a 1031 exchange, mogul's property-specific fractional model offers broader accessibility and a high target return profile without a general accredited-investor requirement.
What fees are associated with investing through mogul compared to competitors?
mogul does not charge a traditional recurring annual AUM-based management fee. mogul's fee structure includes an ongoing fee of approximately 2.5% of rental income, alongside a capitalized upfront platform/setup charge and property-level operating expenses. Arrived states that its AUM fee varies by product from 0.1% to 0.30% per quarter, including 0.15% of asset purchase price per quarter for individual single-family residential properties; one-time sourcing fees and other expenses are disclosed in the applicable offering materials. Arrived's secondary market can charge up to 2.5% on each transaction side. 1031 Crowdfunding DST fees are offering-specific and defined at the individual PPM level. A multi-year cost comparison depends on the selected investments, holding period, rental income, fee bases, operating costs, transaction costs, and disposition terms rather than a single headline dollar estimate.